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Intelligence-Led Policing

Jerry Ratcliffe (Temple University, Philadelphia)
'Dr Ratcliffe has that rare ability to combine theory and practice using language that practitioners will find both useful and applicable in an operational environment. This is a book for everyone with a stake in understanding crime and the value of intelligence-led approaches as an effective response.'
- R. Mark Evans (Director, Analytical Services, Police Service of Northern Ireland)'Intelligence-Led Policing is a "must" read for police leaders and academics alike. Ratcliffe presents the first comprehensive account of an important movement in modern policing and makes sense of what until now has been a rather vague set of interesting ideas. Clearly written and well organized, Intelligence-Led Policing provides an in-depth insightful prescription for policing. We can hope that in the years to come well-thumbed and underlined copies of this book will be found on the desks and night-tables of police officials around the globe. This may be the most important book on policing in over a decade.'
- John E. Eck (Professor, Division of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati)
No Text What is intelligence-led policing? Who came up with the idea? Where did it come from? How does it relate to other policing paradigms? What distinguishes an intelligence-led approach to crime reduction? How is it designed to have an impact on crime? Does it prevent crime? What is crime disruption? Is intelligence-led policing just for the police? These are questions asked by many police professionals, including senior officers, analysts and operational staff. Similar questions are also posed by students of policing who have witnessed the rapid emergence of intelligence-led policing from its British origins to worldwide movement. These questions are also relevant to crime prevention practitioners and policy-makers seeking long-term crime benefits. The answers to these questions are the subject of this book.

This book brings the concepts, processes and practice of intelligence-led policing into focus, so that students, practitioners and scholars of policing, criminal intelligence and crime analysis can better understand the evolving theoretical and empirical dynamics of this rapidly growing paradigm. The first book of its kind, enhanced by viewpoint contributions from intelligence experts and case studies of police operations, provides a much-needed and timely in-depth synopsis of this emerging movement in a practical and accessible style.

Contents
1 Introduction
Reimagining policing
What is intelligence-led policing?
What makes intelligence-led policing unique?
A holistic approach to crime control
Case study: Operation Nine Connect
The structure of this book
2 Origins of intelligence-led policing
Drivers for change
Complexity in policing and the performance culture
Managing risk
The demand gap
Limitations of the standard model of policing
Organised and transnational crime
Changes in technology
The US policing landscape
Fragmented and uncoordinated
Viewpoint: Fragmented policing and the role of fusion centers
Demonising intelligence
The community policing era
Slow emergence of problem-oriented policing
Rapid emergence of Compstat
9/11 and homeland security
The British policing landscape
New public managerialism and oversight
Sporadic emergence of problem-oriented policing in the UK
Helping with enquiries and policing with intelligence
The National Intelligence Model
Summary
Notes
3 The magnitude of the crime challenge
The crime funnel
How much crime gets reported?
Case study: Calls for service in America’s most dangerous city
Crime-prone places
Completing the crime funnel
The offender problem
Individual offending and recidivism
Predicting prolific offenders
Can the police identify prolific offenders?
Organised crime
Viewpoint: Threat measurement techniques for organised crime
Summary
4 Defining intelligence-led policing
Related policing frameworks
Community policing
Problem-oriented policing
Compstat
Conceptual confusion
Viewpoint: Policing conceptual frameworks from the analyst’s perspective
Intelligence-led policing defined
Original tenets
Revising the original model
Intelligence-led policing components
Summary
5 Analytical frameworks
Awash with terminology
What is criminal intelligence?
What is crime analysis?
Data, information and knowledge?
DIKI continuum
From knowledge to intelligence
Levels of crime intelligence
NIM levels
Viewpoint: A practitioner’s perspective on the National Intelligence Model
Conceptualising analysis
NIM business model
The 3-i model
Can models reflect reality?
Summary
6 Interpreting the criminal environment
Target selection
Recording crime details
Threat assessments
Objective targeting and offender self-selection
Playing well with others
Viewpoint: Information sharing at the national level
Information collation
Improving information sharing
A role for liaison officers?
Confidential informants
Analytical tehcniques
Strategic thinking
Summary
Note
7 Influencing decision-makers
Who are decision-makers?
Front-line officers
Police leadership
Non-law enforcement
The general public
Security networks
Viewpoint: The responsibilities of intelligence-led police leadership
Understanding the client’s environment
Working with the audience
Maximising influence
Embracing networks
Recommending action
Summary
8 Having an impact on crime
Revisiting the crime funnel
Estimating prevention benefits
Reduction, disruption and prevention
The changing leadership role
Viewpoint: The leadership role in intelligence-led policing
Steering the rowers in the right direction
The police impact on crime
Does police targeting prevent crime?
Does increasing arrests reduce crime?
Intelligence-led crime reduction
Summary
9 Evaluating intelligence-led policing
Evaluation concepts and practice
What are we evaluating?
Types of evaluations
Operation Vendas and Operation Safe Streets
Evaluation skills
Pure evaluations and realistic evaluations
Case study: Operation Anchorage
Viewpoint: Refining strategy after Operation Anchorage
Measuring success in different ways
The cost-benefit of surveillance and confidential informants
Measuring disruption
Measuring success in changing business practice
Measuring success in performance indicators
Summary
Notes
10 Challenges for the future
The challenges of covert activity
The risks of greater informant use in covert activities
Principle of proportionality
Storing private information
Human rights and surveillance
Viewpoint: Intelligence-led policing and public trust
The widening security agenda
Greater strategic application
Merging criminal intelligence and national security
An agenda for the future
Conceptual training for analysts and executives
Disseminating success
Looking beyond the tactical imperatives
Engage the next cohort of police leaders
Ten yardsticks for intelligence-led policing
Summary
Note
References
Index


Read review from International Criminal Justice Review

Title Information:

Categories: Policing
Imprint: Willan Publishing
ISBN-10: 1-843923-39-4
ISBN-13: 978-1-84392-339-8
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Published: February 2008
Dimensions: 246x171mm
Pages: 280pp
Publisher: Willan Publishing
Also available in: Hardback

Price: GBP£ 22.99

Your location: Help


Status: Available

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